2024考研英语同源外刊:为什么我们记不住儿时的事?
Childhood amnesia is the inability of adults to retrieve episodic memories (memories of situations or events) before the age of 2 to 4 years. It may also refer to the scarcity or fragmentation of memories recollected from early childhood, particularly occurring between age 2 and 6.
童年失忆症指的是成年人无法回忆起自己2岁或者4岁之前的情景记忆。也指童年早期记忆的缺乏或碎片化，特别是在2岁到6岁之间。
Childhood amnesia is a normal part of brain development. Episodic memories involve the hippocampus, a part of the brain found in the temporal lobe, which is not fully developed at birth. The hippocampus should be ready at about the age of 4.
童年失忆症是大脑发育的正常现象。情景记忆涉及海马体，海马体是大脑颞叶的一部分。而婴儿刚出生时，海马体尚未发育完全，会慢慢随着婴儿长大逐步发育。海马体在四岁左右渐趋成熟。
Memories that are not repeatedly re-told and strengthened become lost over time. For a long time, scientists thought childhood amnesia occurred because the brains of young children simply couldn't form lasting memories of specific events.
没有被反复激活和强化的记忆会随着时间的推移而消失。长期以来，科学家们认为童年失忆症的发生是因为幼儿的大脑根本无法形成对特定事件的持久记忆。
More studies provided evidence that at some point in childhood, people lose access to their early memories. And they found that children as old as 7 could still recall more than 60 percent of those early events, while children who were 8 or 9 recalled less than 40 percent.
更多的研究提供了证据，表明在童年的某个时候，人们失去了对早期记忆的访问。研究者们发现，7岁的孩子仍然可以回忆起自己3岁时期60%以上的事件，而8、9岁的孩子只能回忆起不到40%。
On average, this fragmented period wanes off at around 4.7 years. Around 5-6 years of age in particular is thought to be when autobiographical memory seems to stabilize and be on par with adults.
平均而言，童年失忆症的覆盖范围在4.7年左右。当儿童到了5、6岁之后，他们的自传式记忆逐渐趋于稳定，几乎与成年人相当。
Furthermore, a small child’s identity is not centered around the importance of memory—it’s not something they’ve been taught to focus on yet, says Robert Kraft, PhD, professor of cognitive psychology at Otterbein University.
此外，奥特拜因大学认知心理学教授罗伯特·克拉夫特博士说，小孩子的身份认同并不以记忆的重要性为中心——他们还没有被教导去关注记忆。
Young children aren’t that interested in memory; they mostly just live in the moment, he says. But then eventually, they learn that remembering experiences is a skill to master.
他说，小孩子对记忆不那么感兴趣；他们大多只是活在当下。但最终，他们会明白记忆经历是一种需要掌握的技能。
“When parents start reminiscing about past vacations or when they start asking questions about what happened at a friend’s house, toddlers learn that remembering is something adults do and something that should be practiced and learned,” Dr. Kraft says.
克拉夫特说：“当父母开始回忆过去的假期，或者当他们开始询问在朋友家发生的事情时，蹒跚学步的孩子就会知道，记忆是成年人做的事情，是应该练习和学习的事情。”
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