考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:为悲观主义辩护，供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊:为悲观主义辩护
There is a benefit in acknowledging the fact our brains are wired with a negativity bias that keeps new and potentially harmful experiences from being our last. We would not have lasted very long as a species if our optimistic ancestors had used affirmations in the face of a charging saber-tooth tiger rather than thinking the worst and allowing the natural reflex of fight-or-flight to kick in.
承认这样的事实是有好处的：我们的大脑天生会有负面偏好，让新出现和潜在的有害经历不会了结我们的性命。如果我们乐观的祖先在面对凶猛的剑齿虎时表示积极肯定的态度，而不是往较坏的方面想，让“战或逃”的自然反应发挥作用，我们这个物种就不会存活那么久。
The psychological maneuver of using a negative outlook for personal growth is known as defensive pessimism (DP). This constructive use of negativity has been shown to reduce anxiety by developing plans for dealing with the worst-case scenario rather than trying to will oneself into a positive frame of mind. Let’s face it: Telling an anxious mind to not worry is as useful as trying not to get wet in a rainstorm by thinking sunny thoughts; better to just open the umbrella.
在个人成长中采取悲观的看法的心理策略被称为防御性悲观主义。这种建设性地利用消极情绪已被证明可以减少焦虑，即通过对较坏的情况制定计划，而不是试图让自己保持积极的心态。让我们面对现实吧：告诉一个感到焦虑的人不要担心，就像在暴雨中通过让自己充满阳光的想法来避免被雨淋湿一样没用;更好的办法是打伞。
This psychological mind trick is not without its drawbacks. Applied too often, life can become a series of setbacks with the only prize being able to take discomfort in the fact that one’s prediction of the worst-case scenario came true. Personal relationships may also suffer, as the optimists in one’s life grow weary of the glass always being half-empty and will, at times, take to sarcastically singing “Don’t worry, be happy” as payback.
这种心理技巧并不是没有缺点的，如果应用得过为频繁，生活就会变成一连串的挫折，仅有的奖励就是，当你对较坏的情况的设想成真的时候，你会感到不舒服。人际关系可能也会受到影响，因为生活中的乐观的人可能逐渐厌倦了“杯子总是半空”的看法(注：悲观者看到半杯水会认为是半空，而乐观者会认为是半满)，有时会嘲讽地说“别担心，快乐点”作为回应。
Many people have used this technique in their daily lives without giving it a name. COVID-19 gave us all a chance to practice DP, as we either took precautions to decrease our chances of becoming infected or threw caution to the wind with what might be called offensive optimism—in that it was offensive to many people that anti-vaxxers were placing others at risk.
很多人在日常生活中用到了这种方法，却没有给它命名。新冠病毒给了我们所有人一个实践防御性悲观主义的机会，因为我们要么采取预防措施降低感染的可能性，要么把谨慎抛到一边，采取一种或称为攻击性乐观主义的态度——因为反疫苗的人把他人置于了危险之中，这对很多人来说是一种冒犯的做法。
The politics of pandemics aside, the societal struggle between optimists and pessimists has a long and storied history. On a personal level, this balancing act is often what constitutes the bulk of psychotherapeutic interventions. In my counseling career, I have witnessed the carefully constructed tightrope act of countless clients who teetered between the dark night of the soul and the light at the end of the tunnel. Reframing the pull towards the dark side as defensive pessimism often eases the inner tension created when trying to hold back negative thoughts—paradoxically allowing for a counter-narrative of healing to take its place.
抛开疫情的政治不谈，乐观主义者和悲观主义者之间的社会斗争有着悠久而有名的历史。在个人层面上，在两种观点中寻求平衡通常是大部分心理干预治疗会采取的做法。在我的咨询生涯中，我亲眼目睹了无数客户在灵魂暗夜和隧道尽头的光明之间摇摆不定，小心翼翼地走钢丝。
单词：
1.maneuver
/məˈnuːvə/
n. 细致巧妙的移动，机动动作; 策略，手段; 军事演习; (军队或船只的)调动，部署
v. 巧妙地移动; 操纵，使花招; 部署(军队、船只等); 演习
2. scenario
/sɪˈnɑːrɪˌəʊ/
n. 设想，可能发生的情况 ; (电影、戏剧等的)剧情梗概; (艺术或文学作品中的)场景
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