考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:为什么有的人更容易生病?供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊:为什么有的人更容易生病?
Everyone gets sick. But when it comes to getting sick, not all immune systems are equal. Some people seem to get sick much more often than others. One could easily conclude that these individuals—such as elementary school teachers or hospital workers—are merely exposed to sick people more often. But susceptibility to illness isn’t as simple as the odds of being exposed to someone with a cold. Each person gets sick differently.
每个人都会生病。但谈到生病这件事，每个人的的免疫系统并不相同。一些人似乎就是会比其他人更容易生病。人们很容易得出这样的结论：这些人——例如小学老师或者医院工作者——不过是因为更频繁地接触到生病的人。但对疾病易感性并不像与感冒的人接触的几率那么简单。每个人生病的情况都不一样。
In general, one would consider three main factors. One would be genetic susceptibility: you’re born with a genetic predisposition to becoming infected more easily. You could have inborn errors, such as polymorphisms in genes that are well described for host immunity.
一般来说，人们会考虑三个主要因素。一是遗传性易感：你天生的就有更容易被感染的遗传倾向。你可能有先天缺陷，比如宿主免疫的基因多态性。
Second would be environments where there’s a heavy burden of infection. If you look at our ancestors, a lot of them passed away by the time they were in their 50s because they had a greater antigenic load [the amount of inflammatory stress an infection causes] before there were vaccines, higher living standards and better sanitation.
因素二在于感染负担重的环境。
These are kind of static factors. But then the third factor is response to inflammatory stress. I might respond in one way to one infection and in another way to a different infection. It’s a yin-yang. Environment plays a role, and that same genetic thing that’s protective against one infection can be detrimental for another infection. People show variation in how they respond to these challenges—which could also have a genetic basis. When we respond to challenges, we all have what I would call “a burst of inflammation.”
这些都是静态因素。因素三是对炎症应激的反应。我可能对这种感染是一种反应，而对那种感染又是另一种反应。这就是阴与阳。环境也有一定因素，同样的遗传因素可以防止一次感染，但对于另一种感染来说却对身体有害。人们在面对这些外界的刺激时有不同的反应，可能有遗传的基础。当我们面对这些问题时，我们都会有我所说的“炎症爆发”的情况。
We all need some inflammation, but it has to be the right amount at the right place at the right time. The injured or infected site gets swollen, red and warm. These signs of inflammation at that site are saying, “Help, I need white blood cells to show up at that site to ward off further spread of this inflammation and to allow for healing.” The body produces these chemical substances, which we now call chemokines. “Chemo” stands for “chemoattractant”—it’s the attractant for white blood cells.
我们每个人都需要一定的炎症，但它必须以对的量发生在对的地点和对的时间。受伤或受到感染的部位会肿胀、发红和发热。这些炎症标志就是在说，“救命，这个地方需要白细胞，别再让炎症进一步扩散啦，它需要愈合。”身体会产生这些化学物质，我们现在称之为趋化因子。" Chemo "是" chemoattractant (化学引诱物)"的简称，这是白细胞的一种引诱剂。
词汇:
1.predisposition
英/ ˌpriːdɪspəˈzɪʃ(ə)n /美/ ˌpriːdɪspəˈzɪʃ(ə)n /
n.倾向;素质;易染病体质
2.inflammatory
英/ ɪnˈflæmət(ə)ri /美/ ɪnˈflæmətɔːri /
adj.炎症性的;煽动性的;激动的
3.sanitation
英/ ˌsænɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n /美/ ˌsænɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n /
n.公共卫生，环境卫生;下水道设施，卫生设备
4.chemokine
英/ kiːməʊˌkaɪn /美/ ˈkiːmoʊkaɪn /
n.趋化因子
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