考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:移民潮开启,对发达国家的影响，供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊:移民潮开启,对发达国家的影响
Last year 1.2m people moved to Britain—almost certainly the most ever. Net migration (ie, immigrants minus emigrants) to Australia is currently twice the rate before the covid-19 pandemic. Spain’s equivalent figure recently hit an all-time high. Nearly 1.4m people on net are expected to move to America this year, one-third more than before the pandemic. In 2022 net migration to Canada was more than double the previous record. In Germany it was even higher than during the “migration crisis” of 2015. The rich world as a whole is in the middle of an unprecedented migration boom.
去年有120万人移居英国，人数之多。澳大利亚的净移民(即移入者减去移出者)是疫情前的两倍。西班牙这个数字近期也创下历史。预计美国今年将净移入近140万人，比疫情前多三分之一。2022年，加拿大的净移民人数达到先前纪录的两倍多，德国的人数甚至比2015年“移民危机”期间还要多。整个富裕世界正处于史无前例的移民潮之中。
The rich world is in the middle of an immigration boom, with its foreign-born population rising faster than at any point in history. What does this mean for the global economy? Not long ago it seemed as if many wealthy countries had turned decisively against mass migration. In 2016 Britons voted for Brexit and then Americans for Donald Trump—both political projects had a strong anti-migrant streak.
富裕世界正处于一股外来移民热潮之中，其外国出生人口的增速比史上任何时期都要快。这对全球经济有什么影响?不久前，许多富裕国家似乎已经坚决反对大规模移民。2016年，英国人投票支持脱欧，美国人投票支持唐纳德·特朗普——这两个政治事件都有强烈的反移民倾向。
Some of the surge in migration is because people are making up for lost time. Many migrants acquired visas in 2020 or 2021. but only made the trip once covid restrictions loosened. Yet the rich world’s foreign-born population—at well over 100m—is now above its pre-crisis trend, suggesting something else is going on. The nature of the post-pandemic economy is a big part of the explanation. Unemployment in the rich world, at 4.8%, has not been so low in decades. Bosses are desperate for staff, with vacancies near an all-time high.
移民激增的部分原因是人们在弥补失去的时间。许多移民获得签证的时间是2020年或2021年，但直到新冠限制放松后才开始旅行。然而，富裕国家中的外国人出生人口——远超过1亿——现在已经超过了危机前的发展趋势，这表明原因不止于此。疫情后经济的性质是一个重要的解释原因。发达国家失业率为4.8%，几十年来都没有低到过这种程度。老板们迫切需要员工，岗位空缺数量几乎达到有史以来的水平。
Currency movements may be another factor. A British pound buys more than 100 Indian rupees, compared with 90 in 2019. Since the beginning of 2021 the average emerging-market currency has depreciated by about 4% against the dollar. Many governments are also trying to attract more people. Canada has an explicit target to welcome 1.5m new residents in 2023-25. Germany and India recently signed an agreement to allow more Indians to work and study in Germany.
汇率变动可能是另一个因素。1英镑可兑换100多印度卢比，而2019年时只能换90卢比。很多国家的政府也在努力吸引更多的人。加拿大制定的一个明确的目标是在2023-2025年之间吸纳150万新的常驻居民。德国和印度近期签署的一项协议中允许更多印度人在德国工作和学习。
Even those countries hitherto hostile to migration, including Japan and South Korea, are looking more favourably on outsiders as they seek to counteract the impact of ageing populations. Research suggests that migrants also help to build trading and investment links between their home country and the receiving one. A slug of young workers also helps generate more tax revenue.
即使是那些迄今对移民持敌对态度的国家，包括日本和韩国，在寻求抵消人口老龄化影响的方法时，对外来者的态度也更加积极了。研究表明，移民还有助于在他们的家乡国和移民迁入国之间建立贸易和投资联系。大量的年轻工人也有助于增加税收。
词汇：
1.vacancy
英/ ˈveɪkənsi /美/ ˈveɪkənsi /
n.空缺，空职;(旅馆等的)空房，空间;无知，空虚;空隙，空处
2.depreciate
英/ dɪˈpriːʃieɪt /美/ dɪˈpriːʃieɪt /
v.(使)贬值，(使)降价;贬低，轻视
3.hitherto
英/ ˌhɪðəˈtuː /美/ ˌhɪðərˈtuː /
adv.迄今，至今
4.slug
英/ slʌɡ /美/ slʌɡ /
n.蛞蝓，鼻涕虫;<非正式>子弹，气枪弹;满满一口(尤指烈酒);<美>(投入机器中的)假硬币，代币;懒汉，懒虫;重击;(整行铸排机印刷时的)一行铅字;(计算机)处理后的标题(用于构建固定链接)
v.<非正式>重击(某人);猛击(球);痛饮(某物，尤指酒)，大喝;决一雌雄(slug it out)
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