考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:皮质醇,它究竟有多重要，供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊:皮质醇,它究竟有多重要
Maybe you can’t sleep. Or you sleep too much. Maybe you keep breaking out, or getting sick. Perhaps your stomach bloats, your skin sags, you feel shaky. Maybe you can’t focus, eat or get rid of the tension in your spine. If you’ve scrolled through TikTok lately, you might be inclined to blame one or all of these things on your cortisol levels.
也许你睡不着。也许你睡得太多。也许你的皮肤一直爆痘，或者总是生病。也许你有胃胀气，皮肤松弛，感觉身体虚弱。也许你无法集中注意力，吃不下东西，或者总觉得脊背发紧。如果你近期刷过TikTok，你可能会倾向于将其中的某个问题或所有问题归咎于皮质醇水平。
Cortisol, sometimes known as the stress hormone, is a chemical that helps regulate the way our bodies react to stress. “It’s a hormone that connects the mind and the body together,” said Martin Picard, an associate professor of behavioral medicine at Columbia University. Nearly every organ has a receptor that responds to cortisol. It is crucial in helping us function throughout the day, whether by regulating blood pressure or combating inflammation.
皮质醇，有时被称为压力荷尔蒙，这种化学物质有助于调节我们的身体对压力的反应方式。“这是一种将身心联系在一起的激素，”哥伦比亚大学行为医学副教授马丁·皮卡德说。几乎每个器官都有一个响应皮质醇的受体。无论是通过调节血压还是对抗炎症，它对于我们日常维持身体功能都起到至关重要的作用。
When we experience stress, the pea-size pituitary gland in the brain — sometimes called the master gland — signals to the adrenal glands perched atop the kidneys, prompting them to secrete and deliver cortisol into our bloodstream. Our bodies release the chemical when we are faced with a challenge, whether psychological or physical, real or imagined, said Jeanette M. Bennett, a health psychologist who studies the effects of stress on health at the University of North Carolina, Charlotte.
当我们承受压力时，大脑中豌豆大小的垂体腺——有时被称为主腺体——会向位于肾脏上方的肾上腺发出信号，促使它们分泌皮质醇并将其输送到我们的血液中。
We release cortisol when we encounter a tangible threat, like coming across a bear on a hike, but also when we receive an ominous work email. The more threatening we perceive an event to be, the more cortisol we typically produce. Researchers frequently use public speaking as a tool for studying cortisol levels, she added, since any situation in which we’re being socially evaluated tends to produce a quick spike of cortisol. This is a gift from evolution: Cortisol helps us mobilize the energy we need to confront, or flee from, danger, partly by raising the amount of glucose in our blood. It also regulates our metabolism.
当我们遇到明显威胁时，比如在徒步时遇到熊，我们会释放皮质醇，但当我们收到不想看到的工作邮件时也会释放皮质醇。当我们感知到一件事越具有威胁性，通常就会产生更多的皮质醇。她还说，研究人员在研究皮质醇水平时，经常将人们的公开演讲作为研究工具，因为任何让我们面临社会评估的情况都会导致皮质醇快速上升。这是进化带来的礼物：在对抗或逃离危险时，皮质醇通过我们血液中的葡萄糖含量大，在一定程度上帮助我们调动所需的能量。它还调节我们的新陈代谢。
Some small studies have suggested that yoga and mindfulness interventions like meditation may help lower cortisol levels. Exercise can also be helpful for regulating cortisol, Dr. Bennett said, especially moderate physical activity like jogging or cycling. Those movements prompt your body to mirror your stress response, raising your heart rate and then lowering it once you stop working out. That cycle effectively trains our bodies to activate and shut down our stress response appropriately.
有一些小型研究表明，瑜珈和冥想这样的正念干预可能有助于降低皮质醇水平。锻炼也有助于调节皮质醇，贝内特说，尤其是慢跑或骑自行车这样强度适中的身体活动。这样的运动会让你的身体去映射应激反应，加强心率，停止锻炼后再把心率降下来。这个循环有效地训练我们的身体去妥善地启动和关闭我们的应激反应。
词汇：
1. bloat
/bləʊt/
adj.肿胀的，鼓起的;饮食过度的，胃胀的
v.使膨胀，肿胀;腌制;溢出
n.膨胀;过度，过量;(牛、羊等的)胃气胀
2.sag
/sæɡ/
v.(尤指由于承重或受压)中间下垂，下凹;减弱;(身体某部位)松弛;萎靡;衰退，下跌
n.(虚弱或重压引起的)下弯，下垂;下垂度;(尤指暂时的)下降，萧条
3. cortisol
/ˈkɔːtɪˌsɒl/
n.皮质醇
4. ominous
/ˈɒmɪnəs/
adj. 预兆的，不吉利的
5. metabolism
/mɪˈtæbəˌlɪzəm/
n. 新陈代谢
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