考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:为什么胖人总是感觉吃不饱?供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊:为什么胖人总是感觉吃不饱?
Obesity may damage the brain's ability to recognize the sensation of fullness and be satisfied after eating fats and sugars, a new study found. Further, those brain changes may last even after people considered medically obese lose a significant amount of weight — possibly explaining why many people often regain the pounds they lose.
一项新的研究发现，肥胖可能会损害大脑识别饱腹感、在摄入脂肪和糖分后产生满足感的能力。此外，患有肥胖症的人即使减肥之后，这一大脑变化仍可能会持续——这也许解释了为什么许多人减肥后经常会反弹。
As defined medically, people with obesity have a body mass index, or BMI, of over 30. while normal weight is a BMI of between 18 and 25. The study, published Monday in Nature Metabolism, was a controlled clinical trial in which 30 people considered to be medically obese and 30 people of normal weight were fed sugar carbohydrates (glucose), fats (lipids) or water (as a control).
根据医学上的定义，肥胖是指身体质量指数(BMI)超过30.而正常体重的BMI在18到25之间。发表在《自然·代谢》期刊上的这项研究开展了临床对照实验，让30名肥胖症患者和30名体重正常者摄入了糖类碳水化合物(葡萄糖)、脂肪(脂质)或水(作为对照)。
Each group of nutrients were fed directly into the stomach via a feeding tube on separate days. The night before the testing, all 60 study participants had the same meal for dinner at home and did not eat again until the feeding tube was in place the next morning.
每组营养物分别在不同的日期通过饲管直接输送到受试者的胃里。测试的前一晚，60名受试者都在家中吃相同的晚餐，直到次日早上使用饲管之前都不再进食。
As either sugars or fats entered the stomach via the tube, researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to capture the brain's response over 30 minutes.
糖或脂肪通过饲管进入胃部后，研究人员使用功能磁共振成像(FMRI)和单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)来捕捉大脑在30分钟内的反应。
In people with normal weight, the study found brain signals in the striatum slowed when either sugars or fats were put into the digestive system — evidence that the brain recognized the body had been fed.
研究发现，在体重正常的人群中，当向其消化系统输入糖类或脂肪时，纹状体中的大脑信号传递会变慢——这证明大脑已经意识到被喂食了。
At the same time, levels of dopamine rose in those at normal weight, signaling that the reward centers of the brain were also activated. However, when the same nutrients were given via feeding tube to people considered medically obese, brain activity did not slow, and dopamine levels did not rise.
与此同时，那些体重正常者体内的多巴胺水平会上升，表明大脑的奖励中心也被激活了。然而，当同样的营养物通过饲管进入肥胖患者胃里时，大脑活动并没有减慢，多巴胺水平也没有上升。
Next, the study asked people with obesity to lose 10% of their body weight within three months — an amount of weight known to improve blood sugars, reset metabolism and boost overall health.
接下来，这项研究要求肥胖者在三个月内减掉10%的体重——这个重量可以改善血糖，重启新陈代谢。
Tests were repeated as before — with surprising results. Losing weight did not reset the brain in people with obesity. Much more research is needed to fully understand what obesity does to the brain, and if that is triggered by the fat tissue itself, the types of food eaten, or other environmental and genetic factors.
之后，研究人员重复了之前的测试，结果令人惊讶。减肥并没有重置肥胖者的大脑。我们需要更多的研究来充分了解肥胖对大脑的影响，研究这种影响是由脂肪组织本身，还是所吃食物的类型，亦或是其他环境和遗传因素引发的。
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