考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:大脑是如何不断跟进对话的?供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊:大脑是如何不断跟进对话的?
We now have a good explanation for how our brain keeps track of a conversation while we are in a loud, crowded room, a discovery that could improve hearing aids. The general idea for speech perception is that only the voice of the person you are paying attention to gets processed by the brain, says Vinay Raghavan at Columbia University in New York. “But my issue with that idea is that when someone shouts in a crowded place, we don’t ignore it because we’re focused on the person we’re talking to, we still pick it up.”
关于我们处在一个嘈杂、拥挤的房间中，大脑是如何不断跟进对话的，我们现在有了一个很好的解释，这项发现可能会改善助听器功能。纽约哥伦比亚大学的维奈·拉加万说，言语感知的大意是，只有你正在关注的人的声音才会被大脑处理。
To better understand how we process multiple voices, Raghavan and his colleagues implanted electrodes into the brains of seven people to monitor the organ’s activity while they underwent surgery for epilepsy. The participants, who were awake throughout the surgery, listened to a 30-minute audio clip of two voices.
为了更好地理解我们是如何处理多个声音的，拉加万和他的同事在七个人的大脑中植入了电极，在他们接受癫痫手术时监测大脑的活动。参与实验的人在整个手术过程中都是清醒的，他们听了一段30分钟的两种声音的音频片段。
The researchers found that the louder of the two voices was encoded by both the primary auditory cortex, which is thought to be responsible for the conscious perception of sound, and the secondary auditory cortex, responsible for more complex sound processing, even if the participant was told not to focus on the louder voice.
研究人员发现，即使参与者被告知不要把注意力放在更大的声音上，两种声音中的更大的声音也被初级听觉皮层和次级听觉皮层共同编码，初级听觉皮层负责有意识地感知声音，而次级听觉皮层负责更复杂的声音处理。
The researchers found that the quieter voice was only processed by the brain, also in the primary and secondary cortices, if they asked the participants to focus on that voice. It then took the brain about 95 milliseconds longer to process this voice as speech compared with when the participants were asked to focus on the louder voice.
研究人员发现，如果他们要求受试者把注意力集中在更安静的声音上，那么这种声音只会被大脑的初级和次级皮质处理。然后，与受试者被要求关注更大的声音相比，大脑将更安静的声音作为语音处理的时间要长95毫秒。
“The findings suggest that the brain likely uses different mechanisms for encoding and representing these two different volumes of voices when there is a background conversation ongoing,” says Raghavan. By targeting the mechanism used to perceive quieter voices, hearing aids could be made more effective, says Raghavan. “If we could make a hearing aid that can tell who you’re paying attention to, then we could turn up the volume on just that person’s voice.”
拉加万说：“研究结果表明，当背景中有对话时，大脑可能会使用不同的机制来编码和展示这两种音量不同的声音。”拉加万说，通过定位用于感知较安静声音的机制，可以加强助听器的效果。“如果我们能制造出一种助听器，它能分辨你正在关注谁的声音，那么我们就能专门把那个人的声音调大。”
词汇:
1. electrode
/ɪˈlɛktrəʊd/
n.电极;电焊条
2. epilepsy
/ˈɛpɪˌlɛpsɪ/
n.癫痫，癫痫症
3. cortex
/ˈkɔːtɛks/
n. 皮层，(尤指)大脑皮层; (植)皮层
4. millisecond
[ˈmɪlisekənd]
n. 毫秒，千分之一秒
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