考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:蚊子是怎么盯上你的?供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊:蚊子是怎么盯上你的?
Mosquitoes are humans’ most lethal predators, carrying diseases such as malaria, yellow fever and dengue fever that kill more than half a million people each year. Anopheles gambiae, one of the species that carry malaria, is a particularly menacing hunter. There are various estimates of how far the mosquitoes fly, but they tend to range less than half a mile a day, according to one study from West Africa. They typically feed around midnight, flying into the open eaves of people’s homes. In Zambia, 2.000 people die from malaria each year.
蚊子是对人类较致命的捕食动物，它们携带疟疾、黄热病和登革热等疾病，每年导致50多万人死亡。冈比亚按蚊是携带疟疾的品种之一，属于尤为危险的捕食者。蚊子能飞多远，有很多不同的估计，但根据西非的一项研究，它们每天飞行的距离往往不到半英里。它们通常在午夜左右进食，从人们家里敞开的屋檐中。赞比亚每年有2000人死于疟疾。
To find out how these mosquitoes stalk their sleeping victims, scientists built an outdoor testing arena about the size of two tennis courts, or 2.000 times the size of a typical laboratory setup. They let the mosquitoes acclimate to their open-air laboratory. Then, the researchers did everything they could to conjure the right mood.
为了弄清楚这些蚊子是如何盯上睡眠中的受害者的，科学家们建了一个户外测试区域，大约为两个网球场那么大，是常规实验室配置的2000倍大。他们让蚊子适应露天实验室。然后，研究人员竭尽所能地唤起蚊子的合适的状态。
At stations scattered around the arena, air conditioning ducts delivered the bouquet of different humans sleeping in nearby tents. At each station, the piped-in aromas suffused hot plates warmed to human body temperature, alongside puffs of carbon dioxide. With an infrared camera, scientists watched which hot plates became mosquito discos. They found that heat and carbon dioxide weren’t enough to attract the insects without the added element of human body odor.
分散在整个实验区域的各个站点中，空调管道传送着附近帐篷里的不同人的气味。每个站点，由管道传送过来的气味弥散在加热到人体体温的热盘子上，旁边还有阵阵二氧化碳。科学家们借助红外摄像机观察哪些热盘子变成了蚊子的蹦迪现场。他们发现如果没有添加人体气味，热量和二氧化碳不足以吸引蚊子。
“This study adds a lot,” said Leslie Vosshall, a neurobiologist and chief scientific officer of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, whose laboratory recently discovered that skin chemistry determined whether people were mosquito magnets for a different species, Aedes aegypti, that carries yellow fever.
霍华德·休斯医学研究所的神经生物学家兼首席科学官莱斯利·沃斯肖说，“这项研究补充了很多东西。”沃斯肖的实验室近期发现，皮肤化学物质决定了人是否吸引另一个品种的蚊子，即携带黄热病的埃及伊蚊。
The study found that the mosquitoes were particularly attuned to the oily secretions that hydrate skin and protect it from microbes. Chemical compounds called carboxylic acids are a strong draw. “What really matters to the mosquito is not the most abundant type of chemical, it’s really those chemical interactions and relative abundances,” said Clément Vinauger, an assistant professor of biochemistry at Virginia Tech. He recently tested four commonly used soaps and found that three increased humans’ attractiveness to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, while one — Native coconut and vanilla body wash — seemed to decrease it, probably because mosquitoes don’t like coconut oil. “The short answer is,” Vinauger said, “it’s a complex problem.”
一种名为羧酸的化合物对蚊子来说有很强的吸引力。弗吉尼亚理工大学生物化学助理教授克莱默特·维诺格说:“对蚊子来说，真正重要的不是有较丰富的化合物，而是那些化合物相互反应以及相对丰富度。”他近期测试了四种常用的肥皂，发现三种肥皂能增加人类对埃及伊蚊的吸引力，而只有一种——天然椰子以及香草身体肥皂——似乎吸引力会降低，可能是因为蚊子不喜欢椰子油。“简而言之，”维诺格说，“这是个复杂的问题。”
词汇:
1.lethal
英/ ˈliːθ(ə)l /美/ ˈliːθ(ə)l /
adj.致命的，致死的;危害极大的，破坏性的;极成功的，极有效的
2.malaria
英/ məˈleəriə /美/ məˈleriə /
n.疟疾
3.eave
英/ iːv /美/ iːv /
n.屋檐
4.conjure
英/ ˈkʌndʒə(r) /美/ ˈkɑːndʒər /
v.变魔术，使……变戏法般地出现(或消失);想象出，设想出;使浮现于脑海，使想起;念咒召唤出(鬼魂等);<古>恳求，祈求
5.aromas
英/ əˈrəʊməz /美/ əˈroʊməz /
[食品] 芳香
6.puff
英/ pʌf /美/ pʌf /
v.吸，抽(烟、烟斗等);吹，喷出;(尤指跑步、攀登之后)气喘吁吁，喘息;喷着汽(或烟)移动;(尤指显得很愚蠢地)咆哮，怒吼;膨胀;吹捧
n.吸烟;(烟、气等的)一缕;(空气或蒸汽突然喷射发出的)噗的一声;(蒸汽，烟雾的)一喷;吐气，喘气;(充足的)气息，气力;泡芙;吹捧文字;<英>(尤指夸大产品价值的)广告;(裙子等的)泡泡裥;蓬松隆起的卷绕发型;<北美>鸭绒被;粉扑
7.hydrate
英/ haɪˈdreɪt /美/ ˈhaɪdreɪt /
n.水合物，水化物
v.(身体)补充水分;(使)水合;(使)成水合物
8.secretion
英/ sɪˈkriːʃ(ə)n /美/ sɪˈkriːʃn /
n.分泌;分泌物;藏匿;隐藏
9.vanilla
英/ vəˈnɪlə /美/ vəˈnɪlə /
n.香草精，香子兰精;香草冰淇淋;香草冰淇淋色，浅奶黄色;香子兰，香果兰，香夹兰
adj.香草味的;无特色的，普通的
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