考研英语水平的进步,不仅要记单词,还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来,小编为2024考研者们,整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:为什么要投资数字基础设施?供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊:为什么要投资数字基础设施?
India, a country frequently called out for poor physical infrastructure, has experienced a radical transformation in the digital space. Most notably, a digital payments revolution has reshaped the universe of informal transactions that make up 85% of its economy. In January 2023 alone, eight billion such transactions, worth nearly $200 billion, were carried out involving 300 million people and 50 million merchants — remarkable for a country that used cash for 90% of transactions a few years ago.
印度是一个经常被认为物质基础设施薄弱的国家,但它已经在数字领域经历了一场彻底的变革。较引人注目的是,数字支付的革命重塑了非正式交易的形式,这种交易占到了其经济总量的85%。仅在2023年1月,就发生了80亿次这种交易,交易金额接近2000亿美元,涉及3亿人和5000万商户——这对一个在几年前90%的交易都在使用现金的国家来说,是非常惊人的成就。
The engine of this change has been infrastructure — “digital public infrastructure” (DPI), i.e. rails on which easy-to-use digital products and services can be built to benefit entire populations. This idea isn’t confined to India. It could quietly remake entire economies through digital means in both the developing and developed world.
这一变化的驱动力在于基础设施——“数字公共基础设施”,在其基础上运行的是便于使用的可以惠及全体民众的数字化产品和服务。这种想法并不限于印度。数字公共基础设施可以通过数字手段悄无声息地重塑发展中国家和发达国家的整个经济。
At its simplest, DPI can be understood as an intermediate layer in the digital ecosystem. It sits atop a physical layer (including connectivity, devices, servers, data centers, routers, etc.), and supports an apps layer (information solutions to different verticals, e-commerce, cash transfers, remote education, telehealth, etc.). DPI acts as a connective platform layer, offering registries for the unique ID of people, payments infrastructure, data exchange, consent networks, and so forth.
简单来说,数字公共基础设施可以理解为是数字生态系统中的一个中间层。它位于物理层(包括网络连接、设备、服务器、数据中心、路由器等)之上,支持应用层(不同垂直行业的信息化解决方案、电子商务、现金转账、远程教育、远程医疗等)。数字公共基础设施起到了连接平台层的作用,为人们的仅有ID、支付基础设施、数据交换、同意网络等提供注册表。
Its uses range from offering services — from mobile payments to verifying health records — at massive scale, to deploying “smart” technologies to close the widening gap between national commitments to environmental and development goals and present realities. DPI even plays a key role in au courant applications, like training generative AI algorithms on open access data.
数字公共基础设施甚至在日常应用(法语)中发挥着关键作用,比如在开源数据上训练生成式人工智能算法。
The word “public” in DPI itself is deceptive. Governments and policymakers, investors, tech companies, international organizations, civil society groups, entrepreneurs, and independent programmers all have roles to play. While responsibility for DPI defaults to government, business may be in a position to step up in numerous settings. After all, in building the digital ecosystem’s physical layer and providing services, businesses have taken the lead. These private sector products can be leveraged for public use thereby making them most convenient for adoption and providing the quickest, cost-effective solutions.
数字公共基础设施中的“公共”一词本身具有欺骗性。政府和政策制定者、投资者、科技公司、国际组织、民间社会团体、企业家和独立程序员都在其中发挥着作用。虽然数字公共基础设施的责任主体是政府,但企业在很多情况下可能都有强化基础设施的能力。毕竟,在建立数字生态系统的物理层和提供服务方面,企业已经起到了引领作用。这些私营部门的产品可以用于公共用途,从而让其产品以较便利的方式得以应用,提供较快捷、较经济的解决方案。
词汇:
1.radical
英 [ˈrædɪk(ə)l] 美 [ˈrædɪk(ə)l]
adj. 根本的,彻底的;激进的,极端的;全新的,不同凡响的;(增减)急剧的,大幅度的;(人,物)原本的,与生俱来的;<美,非正式>顶呱呱的;(外科,医疗)根治的;<英,史>(19世纪)自由党激进派的;(数)根式的,根号的;词根的;(植)根生的
n. 激进分子;游离基,自由基;词根;(汉字)偏旁,部首;(数)根式;根号
2.intermediate
英 [ˌɪntəˈmiːdiət] 美 [ˌɪntərˈmiːdiət]
adj. 居中的,中间的;中等程度的,中级的
n. 中级水平者,中级学生;中间事物;(化合物)中间体
v. 充当调解人,斡旋
3.vertical
英 [ˈvɜːtɪk(ə)l] 美 [ˈvɜːrtɪk(ə)l]
adj. 垂直的,直立的;纵向的;不同层次(或等级)的;(某类产品从生产到销售各个阶段)纵向结构的;(尤指疾病或遗传特性传递)代代相传的;(解剖)颅顶的,头顶的;<古>顶点的
n. 垂直线,垂直面,竖直位置;竖杆;
4.algorithm
英 [ˈælɡərɪðəm] 美 [ˈælɡərɪðəm]
n. (尤指计算机)算法,运算法则
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