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2024考研英语同源外刊:智能手机是罪魁祸首吗?
In 2017 Jean Twenge, a professor at San Diego State, wrote an essay entitled “Have smartphones destroyed a generation?” Her answer, “yes”, was provocative at the time. Now, it is a common refrain.
2017年，圣地亚哥州立大学的让·特温格教授写了一篇题为《智能手机摧毁了一代人吗?》的文章，她的回答是“肯定的”，这在当时颇具煽动性。如今，这一结论被人们广泛认可。
Spurred by recent data showing a rise in depression among American teenagers, both the British and American press have barraged readers with stories about social media ravaging young people’s mental health.
近期有数据显示，美国青少年患抑郁症的人数在上升，受此刺激，英国和美国的媒体纷纷向读者讲述社交媒体破坏年轻人心理健康的故事。
Jonathan Haidt of New York University has compared social media to waterboarding. The public has noticed: in a recent survey, 53% of Americans said that social media were mostly or fully responsible for increasing teenagers’ depression.
纽约大学的乔纳森·海特将社交媒体比作水刑。公众已经注意到：在近期的一项调查中，53%的美国人表示，社交媒体对青少年抑郁症的增加负有大部分或全部责任。
Smartphones went global long ago. If they are causing an epidemic of sadness, evidence should appear around the world. Data support the claim that young people, particularly girls, have deteriorating mental health. But they leave room for doubt that mobiles are the main culprit.
智能手机早就全球化了。如果它们正在引起悲伤的蔓延，那么证据应该出现在世界各地。数据支持这样一种说法，即年轻人(尤其是女孩)的心理健康状况正在恶化。但它们让人怀疑手机是否是罪魁祸首。
Mental health is hard to measure. Questionnaires are affected by survey design and psychological diagnoses vary between countries and over time. Instead, we focused on suicides and hospitalisations for self-harm among 17 countries.
心理健康很难衡量。问卷受调查设计的影响，心理诊断因国家和时间而异。而我们关注的是17个国家的自杀和自残住院情况。
Both indicators look worrying for girls. Suicide rates have been falling overall, but girls—who kill themselves less often than other groups—are an exception. Among girls aged 10-19. suicide rates rose from an average of 3.0 per 100.000 people in 2003 to 3.5 per 100.000 in 2020. The rate among boys, although higher at 6.1 per 100.000 population, has barely changed.
这两个指标对女孩来说都令人担忧。总体而言，自杀率一直在下降，但女孩是个例外，女孩自杀率要低于其他群体。在10-19岁的女孩中，自杀率从2003年的平均每10万人中有3人上升至2020年的每10万人中有3.5人。男孩的比例虽然更大(为每10万人中6.1人)，但几乎没有变化。
Girls engage in more non-fatal self-harm, like cutting, than boys do. This measure shows even steeper increases. For teenage girls, rates of hospitalisation for self-harm have climbed since 2010 in all 11 countries with available data, by an average of 143%. Boys’ average rise was 49%.
女孩比男孩更容易做出非致命的自残行为，比如割伤。这一指标显示的增幅甚至更大。自2010年以来，在所有11个有数据可查的国家中，女孩因自残而住院的比例平均上升了143%。男孩的平均增幅为49%。
Are smartphones to blame? In America and Britain, rates of suicide and self-reported sadness were steady until roughly 2010. when Instagram launched, and then took off. Although these simultaneous increases do not prove that one trend caused the other, such a correlation would probably arise if phones really were at fault.
智能手机是罪魁祸首吗?在美国和英国，自杀率和自我报告的悲伤率一直保持稳定，直到大约2010年，那一年Instagram横空出世，比例开始上升。虽然这些同时增加的数据并不能证明是一种趋势导致了另一种趋势，但如果手机真的有问题的话，这种相关性很可能会出现。
Because smartphones were adopted at different rates in different countries, the timing of any increases they caused in suicides or self-harm should vary on this basis. Mr Haidt says that smartphones are especially risky for girls, because boys spend more time on video games and less on depression-inducing social media.
由于智能手机在不同国家的普及率不同，因此智能手机导致自杀或自残人数增加的时间应该在此基础上有所不同。海特表示，智能手机对女孩来说尤其危险，因为男孩花在电子游戏上的时间更多，而花在导致抑郁的社交媒体上的时间较少。
Numerous studies using randomised or natural experiments have implied that social media can cause sadness or anxiety in teenagers. And smartphones could still inflict grave damage without driving people to hurt or kill themselves.
大量使用随机或自然实验的研究表明，社交媒体会导致青少年悲伤或焦虑。即使不会使人们自残或自杀，智能手机仍然可以造成严重的伤害。
But if social media were the sole or main cause of rising levels of suicide or self-harm—rather than just one part of a complex problem—country-level data would probably show signs of their effect.
但是，如果社交媒体是导致自杀率或自残率上升的仅有或主要原因——而不仅仅是这个复杂问题的一部分——国家层面的数据可能会显示出其影响的迹象。
重难点词汇：
provocative [prəˈvɑːkətɪv] adj. 挑衅的;挑拨的;煽动的
barrage [bəˈrɑːʒ] n. 火力网;弹幕;水坝 v. 连续对…发问
culprit [ˈkʌlprɪt] n. 罪犯;犯人
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