考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:农业滥用抗生素,对人体有危害，供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊:农业滥用抗生素,对人体有危害
The blanket use of antibiotics in farming has led to the emergence of bacteria that are more resistant to the human immune system, scientists have warned. The research suggests that the antimicrobial colistin, which was used for decades as a growth promoter on pig and chicken farms, resulted in the emergence of E coli strains that are more likely to evade our immune system’s first line of defence.
科学家们警告说，在农业中大范围使用抗生素已经导致对人类免疫系统具有更强抵抗力的细菌出现。研究表明，几十年来在养猪场和养鸡场作为生长促进剂使用的抗菌剂——粘菌素，导致出现了更有可能对首道免疫防线实现免疫逃逸的大肠杆菌。
The findings could also have significant implications for the development of new antibiotic medicines in the same class as colistin, known as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which the scientists suggest could pose a particular risk of compromising innate immunity. AMPs are compounds produced by most living organisms in their innate immune response, which is the first line of defence against infection.
抗菌肽是大多数生物体在其先天免疫反应中产生的化合物，这是抵御感染的首道防线。
The extensive use of colistin in livestock from the 1980s triggered the emergence and spread of Ecoli bacteria carrying colistin resistance genes, which eventually prompted widespread restrictions on the drug’s use in agriculture. But the latest study suggests the same genes also allow pathogens to more readily evade AMPs that form a cornerstone of our own immune response.
从20世纪80年代开始，粘菌素在牲畜中大范围使用导致携带粘菌素耐药基因的大肠杆菌出现并传播，这促使该药物在农业领域的使用受到广泛限制。但新的研究表明，同样的基因也使病原体更容易逃避构成我们自身免疫反应基础的抗菌肽。
In the study, E coli carrying a resistance gene, called MCR-1. were exposed to AMPs known to play important roles in innate immunity in chickens, pigs, and humans. The scientists found that E coli carrying the MCR-1 gene were at least twice as resistant to being killed by human serum. On average, the gene increased resistance to human and animal AMPs by 62% compared with bacteria that lacked the gene.
在这项研究中，携带抗性基因(MCR-1)的大肠杆菌接触过在已知在鸡、猪和人类的先天免疫中发挥重要作用的抗菌肽。科学家们发现，携带MCR-1基因的大肠杆菌对被人类血清杀死的抵抗力至少是(未携带的)两倍。平均而言，与未携带该基因的细菌相比，带有该基因使细菌对人类和动物抗菌肽的抵抗力增加了62%。
MacLean said it was not possible to estimate how this might translate into real-world consequences, such as the risk of an E coli infection leading to sepsis and death. And the prevalence of these strains of E coli have dropped steeply since some countries banned the use of colistin as a growth promoter, suggesting that these genes carry other “fitness disadvantages” for the pathogens. However, the findings highlight a fundamental risk that has not yet been extensively considered.
麦克莱恩说，不太可能评估这件事对现实世界造成何等后果，比如大肠杆菌感染导致败血症和死亡的风险。自从一些国家禁止把粘菌素用作生长促进剂以来，这些大肠杆菌菌株的传播率急剧下降，这表明这些基因对病原体具有其他“适应性劣势”。然而，该研究的发现仍然突出了目前尚未得到广泛考量的基本风险。
词汇：
1. blanket
/ˈblæŋkɪt/
n. 毯子，毛毯; 厚层，覆盖层; 气氛，氛围; 障碍，障碍物; (平版印刷的)橡皮布; (平版印刷的)橡皮
v. 覆盖，盖住，笼罩; 消除(声音)，使(声音)模糊不清
adj. 总括的，全面的，通用的
2.colistin
/kə'lɪstɪn/
n.粘菌素(用于治疗肠胃炎)
3. pathogen
/ˈpæθəˌdʒɛn/
n. 病原体，致病菌
4. serum
/ˈsɪərəm/
n. 血清; 免疫血清; (植物的)浆液，树液
5. sepsis
/ˈsɛpsɪs/
n.败血症，脓毒病;腐败作用
综上是“2024考研英语同源外刊:农业滥用抗生素,对人体有危害”，希望对备战2024考研考生们有所帮助!让我们乘风破浪，终抵彼岸，考研加油!
