2024考研英语同源外刊:小孩不能喝咖啡
We have become a coffee-crazed culture. Yet with all the studies coming out on how a cup of joe can reduce the risk for diabetes, heart disease, stroke, dementia and some cancers, what’s the harm?
我们已经变成了一种咖啡狂热的文化。然而，所有的研究都表明，一杯咖啡可以降低患糖尿病、心脏病、中风、痴呆和某些癌症的风险，那么它有什么害处呢?
It’s even trickled down to children.
这甚至影响到了孩子们。
Despite years of warnings from pediatricians and other health professionals that coffee and other caffeinated beverages such as sodas and sports drinks can be harmful to youth, parents are allowing their little ones — even toddlers — to drink those beverages.
尽管儿科医生和其他健康专家多年来一直警告说，咖啡和其他含咖啡因的饮料(如苏打水和运动饮料)可能对青少年有害，但父母还是允许他们的孩子——甚至是蹒跚学步的孩子——喝这些饮料。
A 2015 study of Boston moms found that 14% of those surveyed allowed their 2-year-olds to drink between 1 and 4 ounces of coffee a day (a half a cup of coffee is 4 ounces). The study also found that 2.5% of moms gave coffee to their 1-year-olds.
2015年对波士顿妈妈们的一项研究发现，14%的受访者允许她们两岁的孩子每天喝1到4盎司的咖啡(半杯咖啡是4盎司)。研究还发现，2.5%的妈妈会给一岁的孩子喝咖啡。
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends no caffeinated coffee, tea, soda, sports drinks or other products for children under 12, while adolescents between 12 and 18 should limit their intake to less than 100 milligrams per day — about the size of an old-fashioned cup of coffee. A 16-ounce “grande” of Starbucks popular Blonde Roast coffee contains 360 milligrams, while the same size of its Pike Place Roast is 310 milligrams.
美国儿科学会建议12岁以下的儿童不要喝含咖啡因的咖啡、茶、苏打水、运动饮料或其他产品，而12至18岁的青少年每天的摄入量应限制在100毫克以下——大约是一杯老式咖啡的大小。大杯16盎司的星巴克受欢迎的金色烘焙咖啡含有360毫克咖啡因，而同样大小的派克烘焙咖啡含有310毫克咖啡因。
It’s not just coffee. A bottle of sports drink can contain nearly 250 milligrams of caffeine depending on the brand, according to a Consumer Reports investigation. A cup of tea can have up to 47 milligrams, while a diet soda can have 46.
不仅仅是咖啡。根据《消费者报告》的调查，一瓶不同品牌的运动饮料可能含有近250毫克的咖啡因。一杯茶含有高达47毫克的咖啡因，而无糖汽水含有46毫克。
Chocolate has some caffeine, too, with the amount rising as the chocolate darkens in color. A handful of chocolate-covered coffee beans can have 336 milligrams of caffeine, according to the US Department of Agriculture.
巧克力也含有一些咖啡因，随着巧克力颜色的加深，咖啡因的含量也会增加。根据美国农业部的数据，一把巧克力覆盖的咖啡豆含有336毫克咖啡因。
You can even buy caffeine chewing gum, mints, gummy bears and energy bars — and let’s not forget coffee ice cream.Because children are usually smaller in body size, it takes less caffeine to impair their functioning. An insignificant amount for an adult could be overwhelming for a small child. Too much caffeine can raise heart rates and blood pressure, contribute to acid reflux, and cause anxiety and sleep disturbances in children. In high doses, caffeine can be dangerous.
你甚至可以买到含咖啡因的口香糖、薄荷糖、小熊软糖和能量棒——别忘了还有咖啡冰淇淋。因为儿童通常体型较小，所以咖啡因对其功能的影响较小。对于一个成年人来说，微不足道的一笔钱对于一个小孩子来说可能是压倒性的。过多的咖啡因会心率和血压，导致胃酸反流，并导致儿童焦虑和睡眠障碍。高剂量的咖啡因可能是危险的。
“Kids show up in the emergency room with irregular heartbeat or what we call tachycardia or rapid heartbeat,” said pediatrician Dr. Mark Corkins. “Some people think it’s cool to give toddlers a soda pop.”
儿科医生马克·科金斯博士说:“孩子们出现在急诊室，他们的心跳不规则，或者我们所说的心动过速或心跳加快。”“有些人认为给蹒跚学步的孩子喝汽水很酷。”
The limits are mostly based on body size, and those limits increase when a child has grown large enough to metabolize caffeine more readily. However, if children are small for their age, or have migraines, heart problems or seizures, they may be even more sensitive, according to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
摄入量的限制主要基于孩子的体型，当孩子长大到足以更容易地代谢咖啡因时，这些限制就会增加。然而，根据美国儿童和青少年精神病学学会的说法，如果孩子比他们的年龄小，或者有偏头痛、心脏病或癫痫发作，他们可能会更加敏感。
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