考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:制造业的补贴和保护，供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊:制造业的补贴和保护
Politicians have always been captivated by manufacturing, but rarely has their desire to make things been as zealous as it is today. In the West they are doling out enormous subsidies to manufacturers, especially chipmakers and those behind green technologies, such as batteries. They say they are fighting climate change, enhancing national security and correcting for four decades of globalisation during which workers suffered and growth slowed. The sums being spent are vast, and growing. Since they were signed into law, the estimated ten-year cost of America’s green subsidies has risen by at least two-thirds, and is likely to pass $1trn. The Biden administration has also expanded the eligibility for chipmaking subsidies.
尽管政客们一直都对制造业情有独钟，但他们想要造东西的渴望很少像今天这般热切。在西方，政客们正向制造商发放巨额补贴，尤其是芯片制造商和电池制造商等绿色技术相关公司。他们说自己这是在应对气候变化、加强国家安全，并纠正40年来让工人深受其苦、拖累经济增长的全球化进程。这方面的花费巨大，而且还在不断加码。自美国的绿色补贴被签署为法律以来，其预估十年期开支已经上升了至少三分之二，可能破一万亿美元。拜登政府还扩大了芯片制造补贴的适用范围。
An industrial arms race is under way. America welcomes it, saying the world needs green technologies and a diversified supply of chips. It is true that an ocean of public money is bound to accelerate the green transition and reshape supply chains in ways that should increase the security of democracies. Alas, the accompanying economic benefits being promised are an illusion. Governments that subsidise and protect manufacturing are more likely to harm their economies than help them.
一场工业“军备竞赛”正在展开。美国对此表示欢迎，说世界需要绿色技术和多元化的芯片供应。诚然，庞大的公共资金势必会加速绿色转型并重塑供应链，这种重塑应该会提升民主国家的安全。可惜，它所承诺的会随之而来的经济利好却只是一种幻想。补贴和保护制造业的政府更有可能损害而非助推本国经济。
In ideal conditions, promoting manufacturing can add to innovation and growth. Towards the end of the 20th century South Korea and Taiwan caught up with the West thanks to the careful promotion of manufacturing exports. In industries like planemaking the enormous costs of entry and uncertain future demand can justify support for new firms, as when Europe backed Airbus in the 1970s. Likewise, targeted help can boost national security.
在理想的情况下，促进制造业可以推动创新和增长。上世纪末，由于精心地促进制造业出口，韩国和中国台湾的经济赶上了西方。同样，有针对性的帮扶可以提升国家安全。
But today’s schemes are likely either to fail or to prove needlessly costly. Countries subsidising chips and batteries are not pursuing catch-up growth but fighting over cutting-edge technology. The market for electric vehicles and batteries is unlikely to become an Airbus-Boeing style duopoly. In the 1980s protectionists argued that Japan would dominate the strategically vital semiconductor industry, owing to its subsidised mastery of memory-chip making. It did not turn out that way.
而今天所采取的补贴方案很可能以失败告终，或者付出无谓的代价。补贴芯片和电池行业的国家不是在寻求追赶式增长，而是在争夺尖端技术。电动汽车和电池市场不太可能变成空客和波音那种双头垄断。上世纪80年代，贸易保护主义者认为，鉴于日本通过补贴掌握了存储芯片制造技术，它将在战略上至关重要的半导体产业占据主导地位。结果并非如此。
Duplicating production reduces specialisation, raising costs and hitting economic growth. Some analysts expect the price of a chip produced in Texas to be 30% higher than one made in Taiwan. The Biden administration is belatedly seeking ways to open up its electric-vehicle subsidies to carmakers from friendly countries. But most of the “Buy American” requirements are written into laws that may be all but impossible to amend. And they are being copied. A decade ago about 9.000 protectionist measures were in place worldwide, reckons Global Trade Alert, a charity. Today there are around 35.000.
重复生产减少了专业化分工，加大了成本，打击了经济增长。一些分析人士预计，美国得克萨斯州生产的芯片价格将比台湾生产的多出30%。拜登政府正在后知后觉地想办法向友好国家的汽车制造商提供电动汽车补贴。但大部分“购买美国货”的要求被写进了法律，不大可能更改。而这类法规正在被复制。慈善机构全球贸易预警估算，十年前全世界制定执行的贸易保护主义措施约有9000项。今天大约有3.5万项。
单词：
1.captivate
英/ ˈkæptɪveɪt /美/ ˈkæptɪveɪt /
v.迷住，使……着迷
2.zealous
英/ ˈzeləs /美/ ˈzeləs /
adj.热心的，热情的，积极的
3.dole out
分发;发放
4.sign into law
签署成法
5.eligibility
英/ ˌelɪdʒəˈbɪləti /美/ ˌelɪdʒəˈbɪləti /
n.资格，合格
综上是“2024考研英语同源外刊:制造业的补贴和保护”，希望对备战2024考研考生们有所帮助!让我们乘风破浪，终抵彼岸，考研加油!
