考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:英国医保还有救吗?供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊:英国医保还有救吗?
Britons are prouder of their health-care system than they are of the monarchy. But when the English National Health Service (NHS) turns 75 in July, the mood will not be celebratory. Hospital waiting lists in England spiral beyond 7m, forcing many to wait months or even years for treatment.
比起君主制，英国人更为他们的医疗保健体系感到自豪。但是，当英国国家医疗服务体系(NHS)在7月份迎来75岁生日时，人们却并没有欢欣鼓舞。英国医院的等待名单已经超过了700万，许多人不得不等待数月甚至数年才能得到治疗。
Almost 300.000 adults are waiting for a social-care assessment. A record 2.5m Britons are out of work because they are sick. NHS staff are leaving the workforce in droves. On basic measures of health, Britain suffers by comparison with its rich-world peers.
近30万成年人正在等待社会保障评估。250万英国人因为生病而失业，这一数字创下了历史纪录。NHS 的员工正成群结队地离开工作岗位。在基本的健康指标上，与发达国家相比，英国人的健康状况堪忧。
Its people barely live any longer than they did a decade ago, and have some of the worst survival rates for diseases such as cancer. During the pandemic the public clapped for the NHS. Now they are more likely to throw up their hands in frustration.
与十年前相比，英国人的寿命几乎没有延长，而且癌症等疾病的存活率也是世界上较低的。在疫情期间，公众为 NHS 鼓掌欢呼。如今，人们更有可能为之感到沮丧。
When something is broken, the boldest reforms can often seem the most tempting. Some want to overhaul the NHS’s funding model, switching from a system funded by taxation to one based on social insurance, as in France or Germany. Others mull the case for much wider use of means-tested charges.
当某些东西被打破时，较大胆的改革往往看起来较具诱惑力。一些人希望彻底改革 NHS 的资金模式，从由税收资助的体系转变为以社会保险为基础的体系，就像法国或德国那样。还有些人则认为应该更广泛地根据经济情况调查来收费。
But Britons will not easily ditch what Nigel Lawson, a former chancellor, once called their “national religion” of health care funded by taxes and free at the point of use. And the country’s recent record of revolutionary change does not inspire confidence.
但英国人不会轻易抛弃前财政大臣奈杰尔·劳森曾称之为“国教”的医疗保健制度，即由税收资助，使用时免费。并且该国近期的革命性变革记录并没有激发人们的信心。
It is also unnecessary. The recipe for saving the NHS requires radicalism, but of a simpler sort: turning the NHS from what it has become—a sickness service—into what its name promises—a health service. That will mean spending more money. But to spend it productively requires a shift in focus: away from hospitals to the community, from treatment to prevention, from incentivising inputs to encouraging better outcomes.
这也是不必要的。拯救 NHS 的秘诀在于激进主义，但更简单的是：将 NHS 从它已经成为的“疾病服务”转变为它的名字所承诺的“健康服务”。这将意味着要花更多的钱。但是，要想有效地使用这些资金，就需要将重点从医院转向社区，从治疗转向预防，从激励投入转向鼓励更好的结果。
Health already absorbs the biggest single chunk of government spending. Of every pound the state spends on public services, 38p goes on the NHS. But Britain spends less on health care than countries like France and Germany as a share of GDP. It especially skimps on capital spending: no OECD country invests less on a per-person basis. And the demands on the health service are only going to go up.
医疗保健已经占据了政府支出的较大一块。在政府用于公共服务的每一英镑中，有38便士花在了 NHS 上。但英国在医疗保健方面的支出占 GDP 的比重却低于法国和德国等国。它在资本支出方面尤其吝：没有哪个经合组织国家的人均投资比它少。对医疗服务的需求只会上升。
In the next 25 years the number of Britons aged 85 and older is set to double. The NHS is the largest single employer in Europe; the phenomenon of “cost disease” means that the pay of nurses and doctors needs to keep rising to compete with wages elsewhere in the labour market.
在接下来的25年里，85岁及以上的英国人的数量将翻一番。NHS 是欧洲较大的单一雇主;“成本病”现象意味着护士和医生的工资需要不断上涨，从而才能在劳动力市场上与其他行业的工资相竞争。
The critical question is where the money is spent. At the moment, the answer to that question can be boiled down to one word: hospitals. Spending on public health (covid-19 prevention aside) and social care has fallen in real terms over the past decade.
关键的问题是钱花在哪儿。目前，这个问题的答案可以归结为一个词：医院。在过去十年中，公共卫生(新冠预防除外)和社会保健方面的实际支出有所下降。
The share of total NHS spending allocated to primary and community care was falling even before the pandemic; the share doled out to hospitals had risen to almost two-thirds. As a share of GDP spent by rich-world governments and compulsory insurance schemes, only America spends more on hospitals.
分配给初级和社区保健的 NHS 总支出份额甚至在疫情之前就在下降;分配给医院的份额已经上升到将近三分之二。按富裕国家政府和强制保险计划在 GDP 中所占的份额计算，只有美国在医院上的支出大于英国。
This makes no sense. A system focused on hospitals is one designed to treat people only after they have become really sick. That is the equivalent of buying more fire extinguishers while dismantling the smoke alarms. The majority of health and social-care spending now goes on treating long-term conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure and arthritis.
这毫无意义。一个以医院为中心的系统是一个只在人们病得很重的时候才对他们进行治疗的系统。这就好比拆掉了烟雾报警器，同时购买更多的灭火器。目前，大部分医疗和社会保障支出都用于治疗糖尿病、高血压和关节炎等长期疾病。
Such conditions are managed best by patients themselves, in their own homes and with the support of networks of general practitioners and local specialists. The share of money going to primary care should be restored from 8% of the NHS budget to the 11% proportion it was two decades ago. Social care needs more money, too, and a proper long-term funding plan.
这种情况尽量由患者在全科医生和当地专家网络的支持下自己在家进行处理。用于初级保健的资金份额应该从 NHS 预算的8%恢复到20年前的11%。社会保障也需要更多的资金以及一个适当的长期资助计划。
重难点词汇：
overhaul [ˈoʊvərhɔːl] v. 拆修;大修;超过
dole out 分发;发放
dismantle [dɪsˈmæntl] v. 拆散;拆开;废除
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