考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:不赚钱的经济学,有学习必要?供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊:不赚钱的经济学,有学习必要?
The discipline's imperialism - its tendency to claim the territory of fields adjacent to economics as its own - is a bugbear of social scientists. In the 1990s economics could plausibly claim to be moving towards a science of business. A realistic theory of the firm was in prospect. Alas, three decades on, it is no closer. Economics has rich models of competition and markets. But its powers still tend to falter once inside the factory gate or office building.
这门学科的帝国主义——它往往将经济学的相关领域都视为自家领地——一向为社会科学家所诟病。在1990年代，经济学似乎有理由声称即将实现商业科学的大一统。一个关于公司的现实理论正呼之欲出。可惜三十年过去了，这样理论却毫无长进。经济学中有着丰富的竞争和市场模型。但一旦走入工厂大门或写字楼，其威力往往就会土崩瓦解。
It is worth asking why. Economics is - or at least is supposed to be - about the allocation of scarce resources. In neoclassical theory, markets take centre stage. The factors of production (land, labour and capital) and the supply and demand of goods and services move in response to price signals from market exchange. Resources go to the most profitable use.
其原因值得一问。经济学是——或者至少应当是——稀缺资源的分配。在新古典主义理论中，市场处于中心位置。生产要素(土地、劳动力和资本)以及商品和服务的供求随着市场交换的价格的信号而变化。资源会流向利润最大的地方。
That is the theory. It has a glaring omission, as Ronald Coase, an economist, pointed out in a paper in 1937. Much of the allocation of resources in economies occurs not in markets but within firms. The prime movers are employees. They are directed not by price signals but by administrative fiat.
理论就是这样。正如经济学家罗纳德·科斯在1937年的一篇论文中所指出的，这一理论有一个明显的漏洞。经济活动中的大部分资源配置不是在市场中进行的，而是在公司内部进行的。公司内部的主要推动者是员工。他们不受价格信号的指导，而受行政命令的指导。
There are reasons for this. One is academic prestige. Economics likes to see itself as a foundational discipline, like physics, not a practical one, like engineering. But most of what makes for a flourishing business cannot be captured in a tight theory with a few equations. Often it is a matter of how well ideas, information and decision-making spread throughout the firm. And pay is not the only motivation. Strong businesses are shaped by shared values and common ideas about the right way to do things—by corporate culture. People take pride in their work and their workplace. These are not natural subjects for economists.
这是有原因的。原因之一是学术声望。 经济学喜欢将自己这门学科视为基础学科，例如物理学，而非实用学科，如工程学。通常企业的成功取决于思路、信息和决策在整个公司的传播程度。薪酬并不是仅有的动力。强大的企业是由共同价值观和正确行事的共同理念——企业文化——塑造的。人们为自己的工作和工作单位感到自豪。这些不是经济学家的自然课题。
Nor is economics comfortable with the specificity of business problems. Solving them is more than a simple matter of establishing the right economic incentives. It requires detailed knowledge of technology, processes and competitors as well as social psychology and political trends. Economics is never enough. Many of the influences on any topical business issue—which tech firm will win the AI race, say—lie outside its purview.
经济学也不能适应商业问题的特殊性。解决这些问题不仅仅是建立正确的经济激励机制这么简单。它需要对技术、流程和竞争对手以及社会心理和政治趋势有详细的了解。仅仅靠经济学是远远不够的。任何热门商业问题的很多影响因素，比如哪家科技公司将在人工智能竞赛中获胜，都不在这门学科的能力范围之内。
词汇:
1.bugbear
英/ ˈbʌɡbeə(r) /美/ ˈbʌɡber /
n.怪物;棘手的难题;恐惧或烦恼的原因
2.fiat
英/ ˈfiːæt; ˈfiːət /美/ ˈfiːɑːt /
n.命令;许可;政法
3.purview
英/ ˈpɜːvjuː /美/ ˈpɜːrvjuː /
n.范围，权限;视界;条款
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