考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:加工食物,人体健康隐性杀手?供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊:加工食物,人体健康隐性杀手?
Unprocessed or minimally processed foods are whole foods in which the vitamins and nutrients are still intact. The food is in its natural (or nearly natural) state. These foods may be minimally altered by removal of inedible parts, drying, crushing, roasting, boiling, freezing, or pasteurization, to make them suitable to store and safe to consume. Unprocessed or minimally processed foods would include carrots, apples, raw chicken, melon, and raw, unsalted nuts.
未经加工或较低限度加工的食品，就是维生素和营养物质仍完整保留的天然健康食品。食物仍处于自然(或接近自然)的状态。未经加工或较低限度加工的食物包括胡萝卜、苹果、生鸡肉、甜瓜和生的无盐坚果等。
Processing changes a food from its natural state. Processed foods are essentially made by adding salt, oil, sugar, or other substances. Examples include canned fish or canned vegetables, fruits in syrup, and freshly made breads. Most processed foods have two or three ingredients.
加工改变了食物的天然状态。加工食品基本上是通过添加盐、油、糖或其他添加剂制作的。例如罐头鱼或罐头蔬菜、罐头水果和新鲜制作的面包等。大多数加工食品都含有两到三种材料。
Some foods are highly processed or ultra-processed. They most likely have many added ingredients such as sugar, salt, fat, and artificial colors or preservatives. Ultra-processed foods are made mostly from substances extracted from foods, such as fats, starches, added sugars, and hydrogenated fats. They may also contain additives like artificial colors and flavors or stabilizers. Examples of these foods are frozen meals, soft drinks, hot dogs and cold cuts, fast food, packaged cookies, cakes, and salty snacks.
有些食物属于超加工。它们很可能有很多如糖、盐、脂肪、人工色素或防腐剂等添加剂。超加工食品主要由从食品中提取的物质制成，如脂肪、淀粉、添加糖和氢化脂肪。它们还可能含有人工色素、香料或稳定剂等添加剂。这类食品包括冷冻食品、软饮料、热狗和冷切肉、快餐、包装饼干、蛋糕和咸味零食等。
A recent study published in the journal Cell Metabolism compared the effects of an ultra-processed diet to the effects of an unprocessed diet on calorie intake and weight gain.The study involved 20 healthy, overweight adults staying at a medical facility. Each study participant received an ultra-processed diet and an unprocessed diet for 14 days each. During each diet phase, the study subjects were presented with three daily meals and were instructed to consume as much or as little as desired. Up to 60 minutes was allotted to consume each meal, with snacks (either ultra-processed or unprocessed, depending on the study phase) available throughout the day.
近期发表在《细胞代谢》杂志上的一项研究，对比了超加工饮食和未加工食品对卡路里摄入和体重增加的影响。这项研究的对象为20名健康、超重的成年人，均住在一家医疗机构中。每个研究参与者分别食用了超加工饮食和未加工饮食，各为期14天。在每个饮食阶段，研究对象每天有三顿饭，并按指导根据自己的需要多吃或少吃。每顿饭有60分钟的用餐时间，全天都有零食(根据研究阶段的不同，提供超加工或未加工的零食)。
The meals were matched across the diets for total calories, fat, carbohydrate, protein, fiber, sugars, and sodium. The big difference was the source of calories: in the ultra-processed diet phase, 83.5% of calories came from ultra-processed food; in the unprocessed diet phase, 83.3% of calories came from unprocessed foods. The researchers found that study subjects consumed about 500 more calories per day on the ultra-processed diet versus the unprocessed diet. The ultra-processed diet period was marked by an increased intake of carbohydrate and fat, but not protein.
这些食物的总热量、脂肪、碳水化合物、蛋白质、纤维、糖和钠都是一致的。较大的区别在于卡路里的来源：在超加工饮食阶段，83.5%的卡路里来自超加工食品;在未加工饮食阶段，83.3%的卡路里来自未加工食品。研究人员发现，吃超加工饮食的研究对象摄入的卡路里比吃未加工饮食的人要多500.在超加工饮食期间，研究对象的碳水化合物和脂肪的摄入量增加，但蛋白质的摄入量没有增加。
词汇：
1. crush
/krʌʃ/
v. 压坏，挤压变形; 捣碎，碾成粉末; 把……挤入，将……塞进(狭小的空间内); (使)变皱，起皱; 制服，镇压; 使心烦意乱，使消沉
n. 拥挤的人群; (对某人短暂的)热恋，迷恋; 迷恋对象; 果汁饮料; (牛，羊的)分群栏
2.pasteurization
/ˌpæstərə'zeʃən/
n.加热杀菌法，巴斯德氏杀菌法
3. syrup
/ˈsɪrəp/
n. 糖浆; 糖水(有时加果汁); 药用糖浆，糖浆剂; (风格，态度)过分甜蜜，过分多愁善感
4. starch
/stɑːtʃ/
n. 淀粉，含淀粉的食物; (浆衣服的)浆粉，淀粉浆; (喻)(风格、性格上的)古板，刻板，拘谨
v. 给……上浆; (拳击手)击倒对手
5. preservative
/prɪˈzɜːvətɪv/
n. 防腐剂，保护剂
adj. 保护的，保存的
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