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2024考研英语同源外刊:取消高考,免试入学?
The rapid abandonment of the SAT and ACT as requirements for college admissions, to the point where more than 80 percent of four-year colleges didn’t require a standardized test for admission in the coming fall, is a milestone in the history of the modern meritocracy. What remains to be seen is whether it’s a marker on the road to the meritocracy’s demise.
美国快速放弃把SAT和ACT作为大学录取的资格考试，导致超过80%的四年制大学在即将到来的秋季入学时不需要标准化考试，这是现代精英制度历史上的一个里程碑。这件事否会成为精英统治走向灭亡的标志仍有待观察。
From the beginning meritocratic culture and standardized testing have been inextricably intertwined. The transformation of America’s elite colleges in the middle of the 20th century, from upper-class finishing schools into modern “multiversities” supposedly open to all comers, was driven and justified by the SAT, which was supposed to provide an equal-opportunity means of ascent and legitimate the new elite with numerical evidence of its brainpower.
精英文化和标准化考试一开始就密不可分地紧密联系在一起。20世纪中期，美国精英大学发生转变，从上流社会的精修学校变成据说对所有人都开放的现代“综合大学”，SAT考试推动并证明了这种转变的合理性，SAT考试本应提供一种机会平等的上升通道，将智力用数字化证据的方式让这些人合理地成为新精英。
For a long time meritocracy’s skeptics, left and right, have noted that the new system created an upper class that seems as privileged and insular as the old one. And according to some of the SAT’s critics, it’s precisely this criticism that’s motivating the current shift away from standardized tests — the idea that they’re inherently biased toward kids from well-off families and that a more holistic definition of merit will open more opportunities for the meritorious poor and middle class.
很长一段时间里，对精英制度持怀疑态度的左翼右翼人士都注意到，新体制创造了一个似乎和旧体制一样的，享有特权且保守孤立的上层阶级。根据一些SAT考试批评者的说法，正是他们的批评意见推动了当前标准化考试的变化——他们认为，标准化考试本身就偏向于富裕家庭的孩子，对成绩良好的更全面的定义将会给能力优异的穷人和中产阶级创造更多机会。
There are reasons to be doubtful of this account. First, it seems pretty clear that many schools are really ditching the SAT in response to the following sequence of events: Asian American SAT scores rose to the point where elite colleges were accused of discriminating against Asian American applicants to maintain the racial balance they desired, this led to lawsuits, and those lawsuits seem poised to yield a Supreme Court ruling against affirmative action. So universities are pre-emptively abandoning a metric that might be used against them in future litigation, not for the sake of widening opportunity but just in the hopes of sustaining the admissions status quo.
怀疑这种说法是有原因的。首先，很多学校放弃SAT资格考试似乎实际上是对以下一系列事件做出的反应。因此，大学提前放弃了一个可能在未来的诉讼中对他们不利的衡量标准，不是为了扩大学生的录取机会，而是希望维持现在的招生情况。
Second, while SAT scores are linked to family income, the link is not as tight as critics sometimes suggest, and standardized tests are probably a less class-bound metric than many things that go into more “holistic” assessments. Lots of kids use the SAT or ACT to get a boost out of a bad school or prove themselves despite lacking a polished résumé, and there’s little clear evidence that going test-optional increases racial diversity.
其次，虽然SAT成绩与家庭收入有关，但这种联系并不像批评者有时所说的那么紧密，而且标准化考试与很多更“全面”的评估相比可能更少受到阶级限制。许多孩子通过SAT或ACT考试得以从一所不好的学校中蜕变出来，或者在没有完美的履历的情况下证明自己，而且几乎没有明确的证据表明，考试备选(选择不参加SAT考试)会增加录取的种族多样性。
Whereas the college essay, the extracurricular-laden résumé, the right demeanor in the college interview — all of these seem more likely to be indicators of privilege than a raw score on a standardized test. So the children of the upper class could be beneficiaries of the SAT’s decline, while children trying to climb could lose a crucial ladder.
鉴于大学论文、丰富的课外活动的履历、大学面试中得体的举止——这些似乎都更像是特权的标志，而非标准化考试那种未经修饰的真实分数。因此，上层阶级的孩子可能会从SAT成绩的衰落中受益，而试图向上攀登的孩子可能会失去一个至关重要的阶梯。
词汇：
1. meritocracy
/ˌmɛrɪˈtɒkrəsɪ/
n. 精英领导体制，精英管理的社会; 精英领导阶级
2. demise
/dɪˈmaɪz/
n. 倒闭，败落; 死亡，逝世; (律)(财产或所有权的)转让，遗赠
v. (律)遗赠，转让(产业)
3. intertwine
/ˌɪntəˈtwaɪn/
vi.纠缠;编结
4. insular
/ˈɪnsjʊlə/
adj.孤立的;与世隔绝的;海岛的;岛民的
5. demeanor
/dɪˈmiːnə/
n.风度;举止;行为
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