考研英语水平的进步，不仅要记单词，还需要阅读外语文献等资料。接下来，小编为2024考研者们，整理出——2024考研英语同源外刊:美国银行业腐败有多严重?供考生参考。
2024考研英语同源外刊:美国银行业腐败有多严重?
Banking is a confidence trick. Financial history is littered with runs, for the straightforward reason that no bank can survive if enough depositors want to be repaid at the same time. The trick, therefore, is to ensure that customers never have cause to whisk away their cash. It is one that bosses at Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), formerly America’s 16th-largest lender, failed to perform at a crucial moment.
银行储蓄是一场骗局。金融史上挤兑现象时有发生，原因很简单：如果足够多的储户希望同时获得提现，那么没有一家银行能够支撑下去。因此，诀窍在于确保客户永远没理由把钱取走。硅谷银行(SVB)曾是美国第16大银行，其领导们在关键时刻未能做到这一点。
The fall of SVB, a 40-year-old bank set up to cater to the Bay Area tech scene, took less than 40 hours. On March 8th the lender said it would issue more than $2bn of equity capital, in part to cover bond losses. This prompted scrutiny of its balance-sheet, which revealed around half its assets were long-dated bonds, and many were underwater. In response, deposits worth $42bn were withdrawn, a quarter of the bank’s total. At noon on March 10th regulators declared that SVB had failed.
SVB是一家拥有40年历史的银行，成立之初是为了支持湾区(创始地区)的科技行业，它的倒闭只花了不到40个小时。3月8日，该银行表示将发行20多亿美元的新股融资，部分用于弥补债券投资亏损。这引发了对其资产负债表进行审查，审查结果显示其约一半的资产是长期债券，还有许多资不抵债的情况。为此，价值420亿美元的存款被提现，占该行总存款的四分之一。3月10日中午，监管机构宣布SVB破产。
It might have been a one-off. SVB’s business—banking for techies—was unusual. Most clients were firms, holding in excess of the $250.000 protected by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), a regulator. If the bank failed, they faced losses. And SVB used deposits to buy long-dated bonds at the peak of the market. “One might have supposed that Silicon Valley Bank would be a good candidate for failure without contagion,” says Larry Summers, a former treasury secretary. Nevertheless, withdrawal requests at other regional banks in the following days showed “there was in fact substantial contagion”.
硅谷银行的倒闭并不具有广泛的代表性。SVB的业务是比较特殊的，它们为科技人员提供银行服务。其大多数客户都是公司，持有资产超过监管机构联邦存款保险公司(FDIC)提供的25万美元保险。如果银行倒闭了，他们就面临损失。而且SVB在市场高峰时期用存款购买长期债券。前财政部长拉里·萨默斯(Larry Summers)表示:“人们可能会认为，硅谷银行的破产不大会广泛波及其他机构。”然而，在接下来的几天里，联邦储备银行其他分行收到的提现申请表明，“事实上存在严重的影响”。
单词
rot/rɑːt/ n. 腐烂，腐烂物;<英>腐化，堕落(the rot);<美>官员腐败(the rot);
banking/ˈbæŋkɪŋ/ n. 银行业;银行业务;
trick/trɪk/ n. 花招，诡计，骗局;窍门，技巧;戏法，把戏;恶作剧，戏弄;
litter/ˈlɪtər/ vt. 散乱覆盖;(在公共场所)乱扔(垃圾);使(某事物)充满;
run/rʌn/ n. 抛售(美元、英镑等);争购，抢购;(到银行)挤提，挤兑;
straightforward/ˌstreɪtˈfɔːrwərd/ adj. 简单的，易懂的;(人)诚实的，坦率的;
depositor/dɪˈpɑːzɪtər/ n. 存款人，存放者;(银行的)储户;寄托者;
repay/rɪˈpeɪ/ vt. 付还，偿还;报答，回报;值得付出(时间、努力等);
cause/kɔːz/ n. 原因，起因;动机，缘由;
whisk/wɪsk/ vi. 拂，掸;搅动;挥动;迅速带走;
formerly/ˈfɔːrmərli/ adv. 以前，原来;
lender/ˈlendər/ n. 贷方;[金融]出借人;
crucial/ˈkruːʃl/ adj. 至关重要的，决定性的;<非正式>极好的;
fall/fɔːl/ n. 落下，跌倒;(数量、水平、价格等的)下降，降低;秋天，秋季;失败，垮台;
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